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Research Projects Completed
RESEARCH PROJECTS COMPLETED
Marine Remote Sensing Information System (MARSIS)
Funded by : Department of Ocean Development
Period : 1991 - 1997
Cost : Rs.150 lakhs
Data on various oceanographic, hydrographic, meteorological parameters
and coastal zone were collected, compiled and stores and MARSIS data
files. These data are analyzed and value added outputs were disseminated
to potential users. So far, about 500 data files have been created.
More than 150 users have been benefited.
Potential Fishery Zone (PFZ) Information Dissemination
and Validation
As part of the MARSIS project, the Potential Fishery Zones
are identifies by National Remote Sensing Agency (NRSA), Hyderabad,
for the entire Indian Coast based on satellite sensed sea surface temperature
and disseminated to all the coastal states, for the benefit of fishermen
all along the coasts. Institute for Ocean Management (IOM) of Anna University
acts as a nodal agency to disseminate the PFZ information in Tamil Nadu
state. The PFZ information received from NRSA twice a week were translated
and disseminated to coastal fishermen through All India Radio stations,
Tamil Newspapers, State Fisheries Department, Fishery Survey of India,
Fishermen Associations and NGOs.
Coastal Zone Information System (CZIS)
Funded by : Department of Ocean Development
Period : 1992 - 1993
Cost : Rs.1.02 lakhs
This project was undertaken as a pilot project and Rameswaram taluk
was selected as the study site. Conventional / socio-economic data and
maps on variety of themes derived from remote sensing were collected
and stored in computer using Geographic Information System (GIS) software.
Integrating these data and maps in GIS, an analysis was carried out
to identify suitable sites for brackish water aquaculture, tourism development
and land use practices. The outputs were discussed with various state
departments to make use of remote sensing and GIS technologies for coastal
zone management.
3. Coral reef Map Validation
Funded by : Space Application Centre, Ahmedabad.
Period : 1992 - 1993
Cost : Rs.0.50 lakhs
Coral reef maps prepared by Space Applications Centre (SAC), Ahmedabad,
for the Gulf of Mannar area and Andaman and Nicobar Islands were validated
through field verification and the corrections of the maps were carried
out. The maps are submitted to Ministry of Environment and Forest, GOI.
Coastal Land use Mapping for Brackish water Aquaculture
site selection in Tamil Nadu
Funded by : Space Application Centre, Ahmedabad.
Period : 1993 - 1994
Cost : Rs.0.78 lakhs
A total of 34 maps on 1:50,000 scale covering the Tamil Nadu coast
were prepared using IRS LISS-II data by visual interpretation and a
digital data bank was created using GIS. Maps were provided to the State
Fisheries Department and Centre for Brackish water aquaculture for their
use.
Mapping of Suspended Sediment Concentration along
Tamil Nadu coast
Funded by : Space Application Centre, Ahmedabad.
Period : 1993 - 1994
Cost : Rs.1.00 lakh
Suspended sediment concentration is an important parameter of water
quality. This project was undertaken to monitor the coastal regions
where erosion, accretion were pronounced through remote sensing. Satellite
data for the entire Tamil Nadu coast were analyzed. Field studies for
the quantification and qualitative assessment of SSC to validate satellite
data and for calibrating satellite imageries were done for two sites
i.e. Chennai Ennore and Tuticorin. Preparation of model quantifying
the SSC was completed using the field data using chromaticity analysis.
The results were published in the Indian journal of Remote Sensing.
Coastal wetland mapping of Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Funded by : Space Application Centre, Ahmedabad.
Period : 1993 - 1996
Cost : Rs.4.00 lakhs
Coastal wetland maps on 1:50,000 scale for Andaman and Nicobar Islands
were prepared using IRS LISS-II and Landsat imageries. 51 maps have
been prepared. The maps were submitted to MoEF, GOI and Government of
Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
Coastal Regulation Zone mapping of Andaman and Nicobar
Islands
Funded by : Space Application Centre, Ahmedabad.
Period : 1993 - 1996
Cost : Rs. 3.55 lakhs
Coastal regulation zone maps on 1:25,000 scale for Andaman and Nicobar
islands were prepared using IRS LISS-II transparencies. More than 102
maps were prepared. The maps were submitted to MoEF, GOI and Government
of Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
Aquaculture site selection in Tamil Nadu using GIS
and Remote Sensing
Funded by : International Foundation for Science, Sweden
Period : 1993 - 1995
Cost : Rs.3.00 lakhs
Thematic maps of 1:50,000 scale for Vedaranyam and Tuticorin areas
were collected and were digitized using PAMAP-GIS software. Several
parameters such as infrastructural facilities, demographic and meteorological
data were also collected to incorporate into GIS. The results were published
in Asia Remote sensing Journal. So far 60 people have been trained during
the past three years. The trainees are working in the department of
Environment and Forest of the 8 maritime states of India and UT's. These
people are now involved in the preparation of Coastal Zone Management
plans of the respective states. In addition to these people from universities,
MOEF and DOD, GOI were also trained.
Case studies on Coastal Fragile Areas
Funded by : Central Pollution Control Board, GOI
Period : 1994 - 1997
Cost : Rs.3.00 lakhs
This project aimed at identifying the fragile coastal areas of the
country including the estimation of its area and to bring out the environmental
status of each fragile area and management plans. It also identified
the important species in the area and those requiring conservation,
assessing the human interference and socio-economic problems. The report
of the project is published as a book by Central Pollution Control Board,
GOI.
Methane emission in wetlands of Tamil Nadu
Funded by : Ministry of Environment and Forests, GOI.
Period : 1994 - 1995
Cost : Rs.0.50 lakhs
Methane gas flux from soil,
using the closed chamber technique was determined at monthly intervals,
to measure the change in concentration of the gas with time, during
the period of linear change. Field visits to Adyar Estuary, Cooum Estuary,
and Buckingham Canal were undertaken. Diurnal variation in methane emission
was also determined.
Flux measurement of greenhouse gases in the Mangroves
Funded by : Dept. of Science and Technology, GOI.
Period : 1994 - 1996
Cost : Rs.1.86 lakhs
The study of the potential
sources and sinks for greenhouse gases, their flux measurement and impacts
of man-made interferences in the mangrove ecosystems of South India
was the objective of this study. Regular field visits to Pichavaram,
Ennore creek, and Adyar estuary mangroves were undertaken to study the
spatial and temporal variation in methane efflux.
National Ocean Information System (NOIS)
Funded by : Department of Ocean Development
Period : 1995- 1997
Cost : Rs. 50 lakhs
This research project was undertaken to ensure the productive and purposeful
use of enormous amount of data and information generated by R & D institutes
in various fields relating to Ocean Science and Technology. Using the
latest communication technologies and expert manpower through network
of data centers, NOIS has identified 13 National Marine Data Centres
(MDCs) located in expert institutes engaged in R & D entrusted to accomplish
the objectives of collection, validation, collation, storage and dissemination
of information for its productive use. IOM is responsible for the collection
of data on the Coastal Geomorphology of India. The data were submitted
to various Government and Non Government user Departments.
Application of Remote Sensing and GIS techniques for
Harbour Area Management and Development
Funded by : Department of Ocean Development, Madras Port
Trust & Tuticorin Port Trust
Period : 1995 - 2000
Cost : Rs.5.90 lakhs
Harbour information
systems were created for Chennai and Tuticorin Harbours. Remote Sensing
data from IRS satellites 1A, 1B, 1C and 1D were used for landuse, land
cover changes and shoreline changes. IRS P4 OCM data were used to derive
Chlorophyll and Suspended Sediment concentration. SSC distribution and
Transport were studied. Water quality parameters were estimated and
sea water use classification standards were assessed. All the information
are available in the information system developed. Port managers were
trained in using the system.
Application of Remote Sensing Techniques for the coastal
wetland ecology of Tamil Nadu with special reference to Mangroves
Funded by : Ministry of Environment and Forests, GOI.
Period : 1995 - 1997
Cost : Rs.4.57 lakhs
The objectives of this project were to document the extent and status
of the mangroves of Tamil Nadu and to identify the environmental changes
in the mangrove area. The project report was submitted to Ministry of
Environment and Forests, GOI.
Sediment and Elemental Accumulation rates along Tamil
Nadu coastal Ecosystem
Funded by : Dept of Atomic Energy, GOI
Period : 1995 to 1999
Cost : Rs. 10.07 Lakhs
The main objective of this project was to determine rates of sedimentation
on the basis of depth-wise distribution of 210Pb. Sediment cores from
diverse ecosystems along the coastal zone of Tamil Nadu was measured
for this purpose, to quantify the deposition rates of trace metals (such
as Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cr, Ni etc.) in these ecosystems during the last
10 to 100 years and to assess the impact and effects of trace metals
on the coastal ecosystems of Tamil Nadu.
Sustainable Freshwater Supply for Madras (Chennai)
City, India: Study on the distribution of major and trace elements in
groundwater
Funded by : UNICEF, New Delhi
Period : 1996 to 1997
Cost : Rs. 1.50 Lakhs
This project was aimed to evaluate the spatial changes in the chemical
quality of the ground water in Chennai city. The spatial changes in
the chemical quality of groundwater in Chennai city were determined.
The pathways of contamination of groundwater by major and trace elements
were also identified. Human impact was many times greater than the natural
input of trace elements as was evident from the results obtained in
this project.
Drinking Water Quality Management with Concomitant
Development of Agriculture and Prawn Culture in a Coastal Rural Habitat
Funded by : Ministry of Rural Areas & Employment, Rajiv Gandhi Drinking
Water Mission, New Delhi
Period : 1996 to 1997
Cost : Rs. 2.50 Lakhs
Various water quality parameters were tested. Prawn farms have some
impact on drinking water quality mostly at locations south of Uppanar
River. It is inferred that intrusion of seawater is more in south of
Uppanar when compared to the north. No major impact of agriculture on
water quality was observed. However, from the survey, it was clear that
the agricultural practice has come down (change in crop pattern and
area) due to inadequate supply of water for irrigation from Cauvery
River and due to salinization of groundwater.
Nature and Flux of Organic matter in Godavari Basin
Funded by : Department of Ocean Development-LOICZ, GOI
Period : 1997 to 2001
Cost : Rs. 5.94 lakhs
This study was focused on the accumulation and diagenesis of organic
carbon and organic matter in estuarine region of the Godavari River
basin. It also characterized carbon and nitrogen in the suspended, bed
and core sediments samples at seasonal intervals. In addition, the nature
and distribution pattern of organochlorine pesticides for Godavari river
basin is being made to understand the distribution of harmful pesticides
in this agriculture dominated river basin. The project identified the
probable sources and sinks of nutrients and its interaction with other
trace elements and the ultimate flux of nutrients and other trace elements
from the river system to the Bay of Bengal.
Methane Cycling in Tropical Mangrove Ecosystems of
India
Funded by : Volkswagen-Stiftung, Germany
Period : 1998-2000
Cost : Rs. 20.00 lakhs
The project addressed the key global change
problems on coastal wetland ecosystem level emphasizing their interactions
with nutrients, plants, water and the atmosphere. The main aim was to
understand the basic processes of methane cycling (CH4 production, oxidation
and transport) in the mangrove ecosystems. The plant influenced methane
production and oxidation were quantified during this study. Correlations
to evaluate the environmental characteristics that affect the flux of
methane from the sediment-water interface to the atmosphere were made.
Several competitive and non-competitive methanogenic substrates (precursors)
were also identified and quantified during the course of this research
project. The results obtained from this research work provided an insight
into the production, oxidation and transport of methane and the other
intermediary metabolites responsible for the high emission rates in
mangrove ecosystems of South India.
Critical habitats Information System (CHIS) for selected
parts of coastal India
Funded by : Dept of Ocean Development, GOI
Period : 1998 - 2001
Cost : Rs. 8.0 lakhs
GIS based database were
developed for 11 critical coastal habitats in selected parts of India.
Thematic maps were prepared from satellite data, non-spatial data, and
a a database was organized using GIS. User training and capacity building
activities were also carried out.
Biogeochemical cycle of methane in natural wetlands
Funded by : Indian Space Research
Organisation-Geosphere- Biosphere Programme
Period : 1998 - 2002 Cost : Rs.12.76 lakhs
This research project was aimed at understanding the basic processes
of methane cycling in natural wetlands and assessing the impact of coastal
eutrophication on methane emission. Comparisons were made with other
polluted and unpolluted coastal wetlands in South India. The outcome
of this project helped in strengthening our understanding of methane
cycling in the wetland ecosystem. This study provided new insights into
the methanogenic processes thus enabling refinement of the existing
global methane budget.
DFID Training Project on Integrated Coastal Zone Management
Funded by : Department of International Development (DFID), United
Kingdom Period : 1999 - 2003
Cost : Rs.550 lakhs
The Department of International Development (DFID), United Kingdom, has
sanctioned the "Integrated Coastal Management Training" project to IOM
in the year 1999. For this purpose, the DFID has allocated £ 810,850 (Rs.550
lakhs) from the bilateral TC funds for a four-year period (1999-2003).
The main purpose of this project is to establish the capability to train
key Indian personnel in Integrated Coastal Management (ICM) and the capacity
to provide relevant advice to GOI on ICM issues. The goal of this programme
is to achieve habitat conservation and sustainable use of coastal resources
in India during the past two years. Already IOM has trained more than
50 senior level government officers from various maritime states of India.
The first phase of the training was conducted at the University of Newcastle,
U.K and the second phase of training was conducted at IOM, Anna University.
The Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India is coordinating
this programme.
Coastal Zone Management: Status and trends of pollutants
in coastal ecosystems of Tamil Nadu
Funded by : AICTE-TAPTEC, GOI
Period : 1999 to 2001
Cost : Rs. 10.00 lakhs
Determination of pollutional levels (heavy metals, nutrients and pesticides),
import and export from the coastal ecosystems and its significance on
a regional scale and to assess the human impact to the coastal ecosystem
were the primary foci of this research project. Human intervention in
catchment basins, felling of mangroves and dam construction etc., are
the different driving forces responsible for changes in the coastal ecosystems.
This study provided the present status and management principles needed
for the coastal zone of Tamil Nadu.
Water Quality Assessment and Characterisation in Pondicherry
region
Funded by : INCOH, Ministry of Water Resources, GOI
Period : 1999 - 2001
Cost : Rs.11.00 lakhs
Assessing the spatial and temporal
variations of major and trace elements and to evaluate the levels of organochlorine
pesticides in the groundwater and surface water of Pondicherry region
and to understand the processes controlling the seasonal variations of
these elements were the main objectives of this project. Sources of pollutants
affecting the groundwater in Pondicherry region were identified. Possible
water management practices were suggested thereby controlling the seawater
intrusion in Pondicherry coastal aquifer.
No Impact Zone studies on Pulicat lake
Funded by : Department of Ocean Development, GOI
Period : 1999 - 2003
Cost : Rs.49.00 lakhs
Major activities and Impacts
in the Pulicat region were identified and studied. Land use / land cover
changes were evaluated. Water quality parameters were estimated and environmental
quality of the Pulicat lake region is assessed. Shoreline changes were
estimated using shoreline survey and beach profile studies. Using Mike21
and LIT PACK software numerical modelling studies were carried out for
estimating erosion, accretion and shoreline changes.
Application of Remote Sensing and GIS in Determination
of "Best Designated Use" of Coastal Water
Funded by : Department of
Ocean Development, GOI
Period : 1999 - 2003
Cost : Rs.80.00 lakhs
The objective of the project was to find out
the "Best Designated use of coastal water" at present and its probable
future use. About 18 coastal sites along the west and east coast of India
were evaluated based on their water quality parameters.
Identification of Ecologically Important Areas of Indian
coast
Funded by : Ministry of Environment and Forest, GOI
Period : 2001 - 2003
Cost : Rs.74.6 lakhs
The objective of this
project is to asses the habitat types and identify the areas to be designated
as Ecologically Important Areas along the Indian coast and to prepare
a report on the EIAs including their importance and need for conservation.
Remote sensing and GIS approaches are used.
Environmental Impact Assessment in North Chennai Area
due to the Construction of Satellite Port at Ennore, Using Remote Sensing
and Geographic Information System
Funded by : All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE), GOI
Period : 2000 - 2003
Cost : Rs.19.00 lakhs
To assess the environmental impact due to the construction of satellite
port at Ennore, North of Chennai. The project will also focus on the shoreline
changes due to the construction of the port. Land use changes on a time
scale to help in the developing a decision support system will also be
made.
CDG Training Programme on Integrated Coastal Management
Funded by : Carl Duisburg Gesellschaft (CDG),
Bremen, Germany Period : Dec 2000
Cost : Rs.3.00 lakhs
The Institute for Ocean Management, in collaboration with the Carl
Duisburg Gesellschaft (CDG), Bremen, Germany conducted training for the
Tamil Nadu State government officials, in the preparation of coastal zone
management decisions and policies during December 2000.
CDG Training Programme on Harbour Area Management
Funded by : Carl Duisburg Gesellschaft (CDG), Bremen, Germany
Period : Dec 2001
Cost : Rs.3.00 lakhs
The Institute for Ocean Management, in collaboration
with the Carl Duisburg Gesellschaft (CDG), Bremen, Germany conducted training
for the Port officials from the various ports, in Harbour environment
management during December 2001.
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